UK-based AI specialist Oxbotica has developed and deployed a “deepfake” technology that is capable of generating thousands of photo-realistic images in minutes, helping to expose its autonomous vehicles to the near infinite variations of the same situation without real-world testing of a location having ever taken place.
Deepfaking, which first came to the public’s attention when it was used to create viral internet videos, employs deep learning artificial intelligence (AI) to generate fake photo-realistic images. In the case of Oxbotica’s solution, algorithms allow the firm to rapidly reproduce the same scene in poor weather or adverse conditions and subject its vehicles’ AI to rare occurrences.
The company said its technology is so advanced that it can reverse road signage or “class switch”, where one object (e.g. a tree) is replaced with another (e.g. a building). It can change the lighting of an image, to show a particular frame at a different time of the day or season of the year, all while ensuring shadows or reflections appear exactly as they should. It then uses these synthetic images to teach its software, producing thousands of accurately-labelled, true-to-life experiences and rehearsals which are not real but generated, even down to details such as rain drops on lenses.
Paul Newman, co-founder and CTO at Oxbotica, explained, “Using deepfakes is an incredible opportunity for us to increase the speed and efficiency of safely bringing autonomy to any vehicle in any environment – a central focus of our Universal Autonomy vision. What we’re really doing here is training our AI to produce a syllabus for other AIs to learn from. It’s the equivalent of giving someone a fishing rod rather than a fish. It offers remarkable scaling opportunities.
“There is no substitute for real-world testing but the autonomous vehicle industry has become concerned with the number of miles traveled as a synonym for safety. And yet, you cannot guarantee the vehicle will confront every eventuality, you’re relying on chance encounter. The use of deepfakes enables us to test countless scenarios, which will not only enable us to scale our real-world testing exponentially, it’ll also be safer.”
The company said data is generated by an advanced teaching cycle made up of two co-evolving AIs, one attempting to create ever more convincing fake images while the other tries to detect which are real and which have been reproduced.
A feedback mechanism is incorporated which sees both entities improve over time in a bid to outsmart the other AI. Over time, this means the detection mechanism will theoretically become unable to spot the difference, which means the deepfake AI module is ready to be used to generate data to teach other AIs.
